Is it better to use a cold shed or a warm shed for morel cultivation? Release time: 2021-12-31
Source: Yifuyuan
Morel cultivation has significant benefits. In recent years, in order to increase production, some growers have adopted greenhouses for planting. Because the microclimate environment in the greenhouse is different from that in the open field, the planting technology is different from that in the open field, and the technical requirements for morel greenhouse cultivation are higher.
1. The advantages of growing morel mushrooms in greenhouses
1. Less new investment
Morel needs to be planted under shading conditions, and only a certain amount of scattered light is needed during the entire growth and development process. Building a shade shed is one of the necessary measures for morel cultivation. Building shading nets on the original greenhouses can save materials such as columns and tie rods, which not only saves material costs, but also saves labor costs for construction.
2. It is convenient to artificially regulate the growth environment of morels
Growing morel in the open field will affect the soil moisture by rainfall and snowfall. If the rainfall is long, it is easy to produce water in the soil, which is unfavorable to the growth and development of morel. For the cultivation of morels in greenhouses, the humidity can be adjusted artificially to meet the growth and development requirements of morels in various stages of the growth and development of the air and soil.
3. Strong resistance to adversity
The output of morels is greatly affected by the external environment. The morels cultivated in open fields have poor resistance to snow disasters and strong winds, and cannot withstand extreme low temperatures. The use of greenhouses to grow morels can effectively resist natural disasters such as wind damage, snow disasters, and extreme low temperatures, and significantly improve the stable production of morels.
4. Good moisturizing effect
The top film of the greenhouse has a significant effect on maintaining the humidity in the shed, especially at night, it can maintain a higher air humidity, which is extremely beneficial to the differentiation of morel fruit bodies, promotes the neat fruiting of morel, and the development of the mushroom body can reach ahead The effect of listing.
2. Difficulties of growing morels in greenhouses
One is that high temperature is easy to produce at noon, and it is easy to cause the fruit body to rot under high temperature and high humidity conditions, especially in the late growth and development period of Morel, which is more harmful;
Second, the existence of the top film reduces the vertical air convection, and the problem of insufficient oxygen will occur in the middle of the shed. This problem is particularly prominent in the long shed.
Three, morel mushroom greenhouse cultivation technology points
1. Selection of varieties
Liumei Morel has strong adaptability and relatively high temperature resistance, so it is more suitable for planting in greenhouses. The fruiting body of Morchella typhimurium is extremely sensitive to appropriate low temperature during the fruiting body differentiation stage. If the low temperature and the temperature difference are not enough during the fruiting body differentiation stage, it is difficult for the fruiting body to complete the differentiation.
2. Choose the right planting period
It is difficult to grow morels in greenhouses at the same time to take into account the temperature during sowing and the differentiation of fruit bodies and the temperature during the growth period. During the whole growth period, the late high temperature has the greatest impact on the differentiation and growth of the fruit body. The high temperature encountered during the fruiting period not only affects the growth of the fruit body, but also affects the differentiation of the fruit body primordium in the soil layer, causing the unearthed mushroom body to decay or rot prematurely. , Reducing the number of fruiting mushrooms, seriously affecting the production of morels. Relatively speaking, the appropriate high temperature during the sowing period has little effect on the yield of morels. Therefore, planting morels in greenhouses should be planted as early as possible. Generally, the seeds are sown when the temperature in the shed reaches about 25 degrees to create a longer period of low temperature for the differentiation and growth of the later fruit bodies, which can increase the number of mushrooms and the weight of the individual.
3. Reasonably build sunshade nets
The sunshade net cannot be directly laid on the shed film, because the black sunshade net has strong heat absorption and will obviously increase the temperature in the shed. For single sheds, columns should be added to the sides of the shed. The height of the columns should be the same as the height of the roof. The shading net should be built into a flat shed. The built-up shading net only touches the roof of the shed. Multiple single sheds fix the sunshade net on the roof of each shed to make it into a whole, which can significantly reduce the temperature in the shed, and at the same time, the side and end films are rolled up to facilitate ventilation.
4. Do a good job in the regulation and control of the environmental conditions in the shed
4.1 Temperature control
According to the adaptability to temperature in different growth and development stages of morels, the highest surface temperature should be controlled below 28℃ before fruiting, and after fruiting, the highest surface temperature should be controlled below 25℃. If extreme low temperature occurs, keep the shed for heat preservation. In case of extreme high temperature, take timely cooling measures inside and outside the shed.
4.2 Water control
The soil moisture content in the growth stage of Morchella hyphae is controlled between 45% and 60%, and the air humidity during the growth stage of fruit bodies is controlled between 70% and 90%. When adding humidity, pay attention to promoting nutrient absorption. Mycelium grows vigorously, fruiting more, fruit bodies develop well, and yield is high.
4.3 Gas control
The growth stage of Morchella hyphae has no obvious requirements for air, but the fruit body is very sensitive to air during the differentiation and growth stage of the fruit body. When the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds 0.3%, the fruit body is thin, deformed, and even decayed. Therefore, ventilation should be strengthened in the stage of fruit body formation and growth.
5. Pest control
The main diseases of Morchella are physiological diseases caused by unsuitable environmental conditions. Infectious diseases are generally not prone to occur. Therefore, the focus of prevention and control is to control the environmental conditions in the shed. The main pests are slugs, thrips, and yellow striped beetle. Among them, thrips and yellow striped beetle are less harmful. The key to pest control is to trap and kill slugs. Slugs mainly harm the unearthed fruit bodies. Since it usually takes only 10 to 15 days from fruiting to harvesting, spraying on the mushroom bodies can easily cause pesticide poisoning to consumers. According to the hazard characteristics of slugs during the day and night, the trapping method is used to prevent and control. Put a vegetable leaf on the soil surface every 2 meters, and place the acetaldehyde granules on the vegetable leaves to attract the slugs to feed. During this period, stop watering. Water for 1 to 2 days.
6. Establish cooling facilities outside the shed
The establishment of cooling facilities outside the shed can effectively solve the problem of high temperature at noon during the fruiting period of morels. According to the water pressure and the size of the nozzles, high nozzles are installed at certain intervals, and intermittent spraying is performed when the temperature in the shed is high at noon, which has a significant effect on cooling the shed.
2022 01/08